JackieJones

The report is a rather unstudied, but quite common work in educational institutions. A distinction is made between oral and written reports (in content similar to an essay).

Report - a type of independent scientific-research work, where the author reveals the essence of the problem under study; cites different points of view, as well as his own views on it.

Stages of work on the report.

Selection and study of the main sources on the topic (as well as when paper writing websites is recommended to use at least 8 - 10 sources).

Making a bibliography.

Processing and systematization of the material. Preparation of conclusions and summaries.

Development of the plan of the report.

Writing.

Public presentation of the results of the study.

The report combines three qualities of a researcher: the ability to conduct research, the ability to present the results to the audience, and qualified to answer questions.

A distinctive feature of the report is a scientific, academic style.

Academic style is a very special way of presenting textual material, which is most suitable for writing academic and scientific papers. This style defines the following norms:

• sentences can be long and complex;

• words of foreign origin and various terms are often used;

• introductory constructions such as "apparently", "in our opinion" are used;

• the author's position should be as little expressed as possible, i.e. there should be no pronouns "me", "my (point of view)";

• there may be stamps and common words in the text.

How to prepare a report on the humanities - see the memo "How to write an essay.

The report on physics, chemistry, biology and other natural science disciplines has some distinctive features.

The general structure of such a report may be as follows:

The formulation of the research topic (and it must be not only relevant, but also original, interesting in content).

Relevance of the research (what is interesting about the direction of research, what is its importance, what scientists worked in this field, what issues in this topic were not given enough attention, why students have chosen this particular topic).

Purpose of the work (corresponds in general terms to the formulation of the research topic and can clarify it).

Research objectives (specify the goal of the work, "decomposing" it into components).

Hypothesis (scientifically grounded assumption about the possible results of the research work. Formulated in the case if the work has an experimental nature).

Methodology of research (detailed description of all actions associated with obtaining results).

The results of the research. A summary of new information that the researcher received during the observation or experiment. When stating the results, it is desirable to give a clear and not wordy interpretation of the new facts. It is useful to cite key quantitative indicators and demonstrate them in the charts and graphs used in the report.

Research Conclusions. Inferences formulated in a generalized, outline form. They briefly describe the main results obtained and trends identified. It is desirable to number the conclusions: usually they do not exceed 4 or 5.

The requirements for the design of the written report are the same as for writing an abstract.

Title page

Table of contents (it states the titles of the paragraphs of the report in succession, specifies the pages from which each paragraph begins).

Introduction (formulates the essence of the problem under study, justifying the choice of subject, determining its significance and relevance, specifying the purpose and objectives of the report, describing the used literature)

The main part (each section proves the researched question)

Conclusion (summarizes or provides a generalized conclusion on the topic of the report)

List of references. Rules for the list of references, see the memo "How to write an essay".

Some tips on how to perform brilliantly in front of an audience.

The duration of the presentation usually does not exceed 10-15 minutes. Therefore, when preparing a report from the text of the work selected the most important.

The report should briefly reflect the main paperhelp of all chapters and sections of the research paper.

Memorize the meaning of all terms used in the report.

Do not be afraid of the audience - your listeners are friendly.

Speak in complete readiness - own the topic as well as you can.

Keep a confident appearance - it works on the audience and teachers.

Pause as often as you think necessary.

Don't rush or stretch your words. Your speaking rate should be about 120 words per minute.

Think about what questions your listeners might ask you, and formulate your answers in advance.

If you need time to collect your thoughts, having maps, charts, diagrams, photos, etc. prepared in advance will help buy you precious time to formulate your answer, and sometimes give you a ready answer.